cavalier/info-lgs@agrotis.it - Combibreed España

Distrofia muscular (MD) – Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

La distrofia muscular (DM) es un trastorno muscular ligado al cromosoma X, equivalente a la distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) en humanos. El trastorno es grave y, en última instancia, mortal, y provoca una degradación progresiva de los músculos del perro. Es causada por una mutación recesiva ligada al cromosoma X en el gen DMD.

La variante analizada en esta prueba se encuentra en el Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, y a veces se conoce como Distrofia Muscular Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS-MD).

Inmunodeficiencia primaria tipo 2 (PIPS2, relacionada con CARMIL2) – Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Primary Immunodeficiency Type 2, also known as PIPS2, is an immunodeficiency disorder in dogs often associated with the fungus Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). For this reason, it is also referred to as Primary Immunodeficiency with Pneumocystis Susceptibility.

The disorder is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in the CARMIL2 gene. Affected dogs are unable to produce a protein critical for proper immune function, making them highly susceptible to respiratory infections. This variant of the disorder is specifically found in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels.

Deficiencia de MCAD – Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is an enzyme that helps the body process medium-chain fatty acids, forming a key part of an animal’s metabolism. A recessive mutation to the gene ACADM causes an MCAD deficiency (MCADD). This results in a build-up of medium-chain fatty acids, causing neurological symptoms such as fatigue and seizures. In dogs, MCAD Deficiency is found in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.

Macrothrombocytopenia (MTC) – Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Thrombocytopenia or macrothrombocytopenia (MTC) is a hereditary disorder characterized by a reduced number of blood platelets (thrombocytes), many of which are enlarged. Thrombocytes play an essential role in blood clotting (coagulation). Mutations in the ß1‑tubulin (TUBB1) gene have been identified as the cause of this reduction. Depending on the specific variant, symptoms may range from prolonged bleeding times to an apparently healthy animal.
The variant in this test occurs in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and is caused by a recessive mutation in TUBB1. This form is generally considered mild: affected dogs often show low platelet counts and enlarged platelets, but many remain clinically healthy without spontaneous bleeding problems.
A related mutation has been identified in the Norfolk Terrier and Cairn Terrier. This version is regarded as more severe, with affected dogs more likely to show clinical signs such as prolonged bleeding times, petechiae, or bruising.

CombiBreed Cavalier King Charles Spaniel

Este pack está diseñado para proporcionarle información vital sobre la salud genética, los rasgos y la diversidad de su perro, e incluye pruebas de ADN para numerosas enfermedades y / o rasgos importantes. Además, también calculamos el Coeficiente de Endogamia (COI) y el porcentaje de Heterocigosidad del ADN de tu perro. El COI muestra el grado de endogamia de su perro, mientras que el porcentaje de heterocigosidad es una medida de la diversidad genética individual de su perro.

La información sobre las pruebas individuales en este pack está disponible en la sección “Pruebas incluidas” en esta página. Aceptamos muestras de animales de cualquier edad. Normalmente, el tiempo de respuesta de las pruebas realizadas en nuestras propias instalaciones es de 10 días hábiles después de la recepción de la muestra. Para las pruebas subcontratadas, el llamado “laboratorio externo” o “laboratorio externo de patentes”, el tiempo de respuesta es de al menos 20 días hábiles después de la recepción de su muestra. Tenga en cuenta que los 20 días hábiles mencionados son una estimación, ya que el tiempo de envío a estos laboratorios externos o instalaciones de patentes puede variar debido a retrasos inesperados.

Algunas pruebas incluidas son realizadas por un laboratorio externo. CombiBreed se encarga de la mediación entre usted como cliente y el laboratorio externo. En estos casos, CombiBreed no se hace responsable del comportamiento del cliente y / o contratista.

Dun dilution

The Dun dilution gene lightens the coat colour of the horse by lightening the body colour, leaving the head, lower legs, mane and tail undiluted. Dun también se caracteriza típicamente por marcas primitivas, casi todos los caballos dun poseen al menos la franja dorsal, pero la presencia de las otras marcas primitivas varía. Other common markings may include horizontal striping on the legs, transverse striping across the shoulders, and lighter guard hairs along the edges of a dark mane and tail. El color del pelaje diluido de Dun con marcas primitivas se considera el color de tipo salvaje y se encuentra en équidos silvestres como los caballos przewalski. Dun dilutes both red and black pigment, and the resulting colors range from apricot, golden, dark gray, olive and many more subtle variations. A horse can also carry mutations for other modifying genes which can further affect its coat colour. The Coat Colour Dun dilution test (P660) tests for the genetic status of the TBX3 gene. This gene has three variants (alleles); allele D is dominant over the alleles nd1 and nd2; allele nd1 is dominant over nd2. The dominant allele D results in Dun dilution with primitive markings. Allele nd1 does not dilute the coat colour of the horse, primitive markings are present but the expression is variable. Allele nd2 does not have an effect on the basic colour.

The Coat Colour Dun dilution test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Dun dilution test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Dun dilution	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
nd2/nd2	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel. No primitive markings	Two copies of the nd2 allele. Coat colour is not diluted and primitive markings are absent. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele nd2 to its offspring.
nd2/nd2	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown. No primitive markings	Two copies of the nd2 allele. Coat colour is not diluted and primitive markings are absent. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele nd2 to its offspring.
nd2/nd2	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black. No primitive markings	Two copies of the nd2 allele. Coat colour is not diluted and primitive markings are absent. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele nd2 to its offspring.
nd1/nd2	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel. Primitive markings may be present	One copy of the nd1 allele and one copy of the nd2 allele. The nd1 allele is dominant over the nd2 allele. Coat colour is not diluted. Primitive markings may be present. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele nd1 or nd2 to its offspring.
nd1/nd2	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown. Primitive markings may be present	One copy of the nd1 allele and one copy of the nd2 allele. The nd1 allele is dominant over the nd2 allele. Coat colour is not diluted. Primitive markings may be present. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele nd1 or nd2 to its offspring.
nd1/nd2	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black. Primitive markings may be present	One copy of the nd1 allele and one copy of the nd2 allele. The nd1 allele is dominant over the nd2 allele. Coat colour is not diluted. Primitive markings may be present. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele nd1 or nd2 to its offspring.
nd1/nd1	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel. Primitive markings may be present	Two copies of the nd1 allele. Coat colour is not diluted. Primitive markings may be present. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele nd1 to its offspring.
nd1/nd1	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown. Primitive markings may be present	Two copies of the nd1 allele. Coat colour is not diluted. Primitive markings may be present. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele nd1 to its offspring.
nd1/nd1	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black. Primitive markings may be present	Two copies of the nd1 allele. Coat colour is not diluted. Primitive markings may be present. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele nd1 to its offspring.
D/nd2	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Red dun. With primitive markings	One copy of the dominant D allele and one copy of the nd2 allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele D or nd2 to its offspring.
D/nd2	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay dun. With primitive markings	One copy of the dominant D allele and one copy of the nd2 allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele D or nd2 to its offspring.
D/nd2	E/E or E/e + a/a	Blue dun. With primitive markings	One copy of the dominant D allele and one copy of the nd2 allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele D or nd2 to its offspring.
D/nd1	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Red dun. With primitive markings	One copy of the dominant D allele and one copy of the nd1 allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele D or nd1 to its offspring.
D/nd1	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay dun. With primitive markings	One copy of the dominant D allele and one copy of the nd1 allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele D or nd1 to its offspring.
D/nd1	E/E or E/e + a/a	Blue dun. With primitive markings	One copy of the dominant D allele and one copy of the nd1 allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele D or nd1 to its offspring.
D/D	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Red dun. With primitive markings	Two copies of the dominant D allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele D to its offspring.
D/D	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Classic, Zebra dun. With primitive markings	Two copies of the dominant D allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele D to its offspring.
D/D	E/E or E/e + a/a	Blue, Mouse dun. With primitive markings	Two copies of the dominant D allele. Coat colour is dun-diluted with primitive markings. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele D to its offspring.

Roan

Roan is a white patterning coat colour trait of intermixed white and coloured hairs in the body while the head, lower legs, mane and tail remain colored. Los caballos Ruano nacen con el patrón, aunque puede que no sea obvio hasta que se desprenda el pelaje. Los pelos blancos y de colores se mezclan de manera uniforme en caballos que heredan el gen Ruano clásico, que puede diferenciarlo de varios patrones mímicos llamados roaning. Los patrones ruanos tienden a ser desiguales en la distribución de los pelos blancos y no se ha definido la herencia de la ondulación. La mutación que causa el color de capa Ruano aún no ha sido identificada. La prueba de capa Ruano (P659) analiza los marcadores de ADN que se asocian con el color de la capa Ruano en varias razas. Los marcadores de ADN se pueden utilizar para determinar si un caballo tiene la mutación Ruano y cuántas copias. Esta prueba detecta tres variantes (alelos), Rn, Rn * y N. Es dominante el alelo Rn. Una o dos copias del alelo Rn resultan en un color de capa Ruano. El alelo Rn * es muy infrecuente y no siempre asociado con el color de la capa Ruano, este alelo sólo se ha observado en caballos andadores de Tennessee y caballos de las montañas rocosas. El alelo N es recesivo y no tiene efecto en el color básico.

The Coat Colour Roan test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Roan test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Roan	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Not Roan. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Not Roan. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Not Roan. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
Rn/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel Roan	One copy of the dominant Rn allele. The colour is chestnut/sorrel roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Rn to its offspring.
Rn/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay Roan	One copy of the dominant Rn allele. The colour is brown/bay roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Rn to its offspring.
Rn/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black Roan	One copy of the dominant Rn allele. The colour is black roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Rn to its offspring.
Rn*/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel or Chestnut/sorrel Roan	One copy of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour can be chestnut/sorrel or chestnut/sorrel roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Rn* to its offspring.
Rn*/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay or Brown/bay Roan	One copy of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour can be brown/bay or brown/bay roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Rn* to its offspring.
Rn*/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black or Black Roan	One copy of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour can be black or black roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Rn* to its offspring.
Rn/Rn	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel Roan	Two copies of the dominant Rn allele. The colour is chestnut/sorrel roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Rn to its offspring.
Rn/Rn	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay Roan	Two copies of the dominant Rn allele. The colour is brown/bay roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Rn to its offspring.
Rn/Rn	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black Roan	Two copies of the dominant Rn allele. The colour is black roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Rn to its offspring.
Rn/Rn*	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel Roan	One copy of the dominant Rn allele and one copy of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour is chestnut/sorrel roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele Rn or Rn* to its offspring.
Rn/Rn*	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay Roan	One copy of the dominant Rn allele and one copy of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour is brown/bay roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele Rn or Rn* to its offspring.
Rn/Rn*	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black Roan	One copy of the dominant Rn allele and one copy of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour is black roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele Rn or Rn* to its offspring.
Rn/Rn	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel or Chestnut/sorrel Roan	Two copies of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour can be chestnut/sorrel or chestnut/sorrel roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Rn* to its offspring.
Rn/Rn	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay or Brown/bay Roan	Two copies of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour can be brown/bay or brown/bay roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Rn* to its offspring.
Rn/Rn	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black or Black Roan	Two copies of the uncommon Rn* allele. The colour can be black or black roan, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Rn* to its offspring.

Privacidad

VHLGenetics se toma muy en serio la protección de su privacidad: por lo tanto, tratamos sus datos personales de la manera más confidencial y cuidadosa posible. Nuestra política de privacidad cubre todos los datos personales que recopilamos y utilizamos, incluidos los datos de clientes que usted proporciona, pero también datos sobre quién visita nuestro sitio web y se suscribe a nuestros boletines, por ejemplo.

VHLGenetics no utilizará sus datos a menos que nos dé su consentimiento para que lo hagamos o si lo necesitamos para suministrarle productos o servicios o si ya lo hemos hecho. VHLGenetics no vende sus datos personales a terceros. VHLGenetics solo proporciona estos datos a terceros involucrados en la realización del acuerdo entre VHLGenetics y usted, como los procesadores de datos en nuestras tiendas web y las comunicaciones entre laboratorios en los Países Bajos, Bélgica y Alemania, si es necesario para realizar pruebas.

Para servir mejor a las organizaciones, ofrecemos nuestros servicios de ADN bajo las marcas CombiBreed®, VHLGenetics® and SNPExpert, cuyos sitios web puede visitar en www.combibreed.es, www snpexpert.com y www.vhlgenetics.com respectivamente. También utilizamos nuestras marcas locales a veces, como combibreed.es en España y combibreed.it en Italia. VHLGenetics no puede procesar estos datos de ninguna otra manera sin su consentimiento (expreso).

Los datos de contacto de VHLGenetics son los siguientes:

Van Haeringen Laboratorium BV, Agro Business Park 100, NL-6708 PW Wageningen, Holanda
Dr. Van Haeringen Polygen bvba, Kasteellaan 7, BE-2390 Malle, Bélgica
Certagen GmbH, Marie-Curie-Strasse 1, D-53359 Rheinbach, Alemania
Agrotis S.r.l., Via Bergamo 292, 26100 Cremona, Italia
BioBank AS, Holsetgata 22, 2317 Hamar, Noruega
INNO, Rua Cândido de Sousa 15, 47110-503 Braga, Portugal
Laboratorios Labocor S.L., C/ ALAMILLO 41, 28770 – COLMENAR VIEJO MADRID, España
PharmaDNA, Demokratu 53, 48485 Kaunas, Lituania
Zoolyx, Zonnestraat 3, 9300 Aalst, Bélgica

Si tiene alguna pregunta, también puede comunicarse con nuestro servicio al cliente en info@VHLGenetics.com. Para obtener más información sobre las marcas subyacentes, vaya a www.dnaisourcore.com.

Política

Si realiza un pedido con nosotros, VHLGenetics recopila los datos que proporciona, como su nombre, dirección de correo electrónico, domicilio y detalles de pago, incluidos los datos de su cuenta bancaria o tarjeta de crédito, pero los usa solo para facturarle por usar nuestros servicios. y proporcionándolos y para mantenerlo actualizado con los desarrollos relevantes.

Si un tercero, como una empresa o consultorio veterinario, realiza pedidos y / o paga facturas en virtud de un acuerdo entre usted y esa parte, VHLGenetics enviará los resultados del pedido a esa parte.

Si utiliza nuestros sitios web, las plataformas tecnológicas recopilan automáticamente los datos que lo hacen posible. Su navegador web o dispositivo móvil puede compartir ciertos datos con VHLGenetics si estos dispositivos se comunican con nuestro sitio web, por ejemplo.

Utilizamos sus datos para informarle electrónicamente (por correo electrónico, por ejemplo) sobre ofertas especiales y campañas de VHLGenetics y sobre nuevos productos relevantes de nuestros socios hasta que cancele su registro.

Si se registra para recibir nuestro boletín informativo o solicita información, conservaremos su nombre, dirección y dirección de correo electrónico y le enviaremos los detalles de nuestras campañas y / o promociones por correo electrónico y / o podremos comunicarnos con usted sobre ofertas y promociones.

VHLGenetics no vende sus datos. VHLGenetics no venderá ni proporcionará sus datos personales a terceros, y solo proporcionará estos datos a terceros involucrados en la prestación de los servicios acordados. Nuestro personal y terceras partes con las que trabajamos deben respetar la confidencialidad de sus datos.

Socios. VHLGenetics utiliza socios para administrar y almacenar nuestros datos. Estos socios pueden estar tanto dentro como fuera de la UE. VHLGenetics elige socios que puedan proteger adecuadamente los datos personales, ya sea siguiendo el acuerdo de privacidad UE-EE. UU., Las Reglas corporativas vinculantes o firmando acuerdos de procesador. VHLGenetics concluye acuerdos de procesador con todos nuestros socios si es necesario.

Retención de datos. VHL mantiene documentos escritos que los clientes envían durante cinco años. Devolveremos documentos escritos a los clientes si lo solicitan, pero podemos hacer copias de ellos. Destruiremos los materiales y artículos que el cliente envíe una vez que hayamos realizado los contratos, a menos que consideremos que estos deben mantenerse por más tiempo. Si nos lo solicita, eliminaremos sus datos personales, pero tenga en cuenta que las copias de estos datos pueden guardarse en copias de seguridad.

Seguridad. Proteger sus datos también es importante. Si ingresa sus datos bancarios para una compra, automáticamente nos aseguramos de que estos datos estén encriptados con SSL (Secure Socket Layer). Sin embargo, recuerde que ninguna seguridad es 100% segura y que VHLGenetics no puede garantizarla. Tenemos medidas organizativas y técnicas dentro de nuestra organización para hacer seguro el uso de sus datos.

Pagos a través de la tienda web. Si ingresa los datos de su tarjeta de crédito u otros datos bancarios en nuestra tienda web, tenga en cuenta que un procesador de pagos externo procesará sus pagos.

Cambios a la política de privacidad. Esta política de privacidad puede actualizarse en respuesta a cambios en la legislación aplicable o cambios en nuestra empresa o en los servicios que brindamos. Le informaremos de cualquier cambio a través de esta página; por lo tanto, le recomendamos que lea esta Política de privacidad periódicamente para mantenerse actualizado. Si realizamos algún cambio que lo afecte gravemente, le informaremos por correo electrónico o mediante nuestros servicios.

Sus derechos sobre sus datos personales. Tiene derecho a revocar su consentimiento para que usemos sus datos personales; y también puede examinar sus datos para corregirlos o eliminarlos si los datos que hemos almacenado son incorrectos o ilegales.

Si hay algo que le gustaría saber sobre la Política de privacidad de VHL Genetics, puede ponerse en contacto con nosotros a través de nuestro sitio web o a través de nuestros datos de contacto anteriores. Si tiene alguna queja sobre cómo usamos sus datos que no hemos resuelto correctamente, puede presentar una queja ante la Autoridad de Protección de Datos de Holanda.

Cream dilution

The cream dilution gene has an effect on both red and black pigment and dilutes the basic coat colour to lighter coat shades. In several breeds this is considered a desirable trait. The Cream dilution gene is responsible for the palomino, buckskin, smoky black, cremello, perlino and smoky cream coat colours. A horse can also carry mutations for other modifying genes which can further affect its coat colour. The Coat Colour Cream dilution test (P713) tests for the genetic status of the MATP gene. The MATP gene has two variants (alleles). The allele Cr is semi-dominant. One copy of the Cr allele dilutes the coat colour with a single dose, resulting in palomino, buckskin or smoky black. Two copies of the Cr allele dilute the coat colour with a double dose into cremello, perlino or smoky cream. The effect on black pigment might be very subtle. Los caballos con dos copias del alelo Cr también se denominan doble dilución o de ojos azules y crema y comparten una serie de características. The eyes are pale blue, paler than the unpigmented blue eyes associated with white color or white markings, and the skin is rosy-pink. El alelo N es recesivo y no tiene efecto en el color básico.

The Coat Colour Cream dilution test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Cream dilution test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Cream dilution	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Non-dilute. The basic colour is chestnut or sorrel unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Non-dilute. The basic colour is bay or brown unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Non-dilute. The basic colour is black unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/Cr	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Palomino	Heterozygous dilute, one copy of the Cr allele. The basic coat colour chestnut/sorrel is diluted to palomino. These colours can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Cr to its offspring.
N/Cr	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Buckskin	Heterozygous dilute, one copy of the Cr allele. The basic coat colour bay/brown is diluted to buckskin. These colours can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Cr to its offspring.
N/Cr	E/E or E/e + a/a	Smoky Black	Heterozygous dilute, one copy of the Cr allele. The basic coat colour black is diluted to Smoky Black. These colours can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Cr to its offspring.
Cr/Cr	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Cremello	Double dilute, two copies of the Cr allele. The basic coat colour chestnut/sorrel is diluted to Cremello. These colours can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Cr to its offspring.
Cr/Cr	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Perlino	Double dilute, two copies of the Cr allele. The basic coat colour bay/brown is diluted to Perlino. These colours can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Cr to its offspring.
Cr/Cr	E/E or E/e + a/a	Smoky Cream	Double dilute, two copies of the Cr allele. The basic coat colour black is diluted to Smoky Cream. These colours can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Cr to its offspring.

Tobiano

The Tobiano coat pattern usually involves white on all four legs below the hocks and knees and rounded white spots on the body with sharp, clean edges. La cabeza es oscura, con marcas blancas como las de un caballo de color sólido. El blanco en el cuerpo generalmente cruzará la línea superior del caballo. La piel subyacente a las manchas blancas es rosada y debajo de las áreas coloreadas es negra. Los ojos suelen ser marrones, pero uno o ambos pueden ser azules o parcialmente azules. The tail can be two colors, a characteristic seldom seen in horses that are not tobiano. A horse can also carry mutations for other modifying genes which can further affect its coat colour.

The Coat Colour Tobiano test (P903) tests for a genetic factor that affects the function of the KIT gene. Este gen tiene dos variantes (alelos). El alelo dominante TO da como resultado el patrón de Tobiano y el alelo recesivo N no tiene un efecto sobre el color básico.

The Coat Colour Tobiano test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Tobiano test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Tobiano	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Not Tobiano. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Not Tobiano. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Not Tobiano. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/TO	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel tobiano	One copy of the dominant TO allele. The colour is chestnut/sorrel tobiano unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or TO to its offspring.
N/TO	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay/brown tobiano	One copy of the dominant TO allele. The colour is bay/brown tobiano unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or TO to its offspring.
N/TO	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black tobiano	One copy of the dominant TO allele. The colour is black tobiano unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or TO to its offspring.
TO/TO	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel tobiano	Two copies of the dominant TO allele. The colour is chestnut/sorrel tobiano unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele TO to its offspring.
TO/TO	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay/brown tobiano	Two copies of the dominant TO allele. The colour is bay/brown tobiano unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele TO to its offspring.
TO/TO	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black tobiano	Two copies of the dominant TO allele. The colour is black tobiano unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele TO to its offspring.

Dominant White 1

White patterning in horses is known as Dominant White or White. Los patrones dominantes en blanco son variables, desde manchas mínimas tipo Sabino hasta caballos completamente blancos. El color de los ojos de los caballos blancos dominantes es marrón. Hay alrededor de 20 mutaciones diferentes identificadas que están asociadas con patrones blancos, todas las mutaciones se encuentran en el gen KIT. A excepción de W20, la mayoría de las mutaciones blancas dominantes conocidas surgieron recientemente y están restringidas a líneas específicas dentro de razas. La prueba Color de Capa Blanco Dominante 1 (P591) analiza la mutación conocida como W18 en el gen KIT. Esta prueba detecta dos variantes (alelos). El alelo W18 es dominante. Una o dos copias del alelo W18 dan como resultado caballos que muestran cierto grado de manchas blancas, pero el patrón específico no se puede predecir. El alelo N es recesivo y no tiene efecto en el color básico.

The Coat Colour Dominant White 1 test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Dominant White 1 test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Dominant White 1	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Not Dominant White. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Not Dominant White. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Not Dominant White. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/W18	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. One copy of the W18 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or W18 to its offspring.
N/W18	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. One copy of the W18 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or W18 to its offspring.
N/W18	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. One copy of the W18 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or W18 to its offspring.
W18/W18	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. Two copies of the W18 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele W18 to its offspring.
W18/W18	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. Two copies of the W18 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele W18 to its offspring.
W18/W18	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. Two copies of the W18 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele W18 to its offspring.

Dominant White 3

White patterning in horses is known as Dominant White or White. Los patrones dominantes en blanco son variables, desde manchas mínimas tipo Sabino hasta caballos completamente blancos. El color de los ojos de los caballos blancos dominantes es marrón. Hay alrededor de 20 mutaciones diferentes identificadas que están asociadas con patrones blancos, todas las mutaciones se encuentran en el gen KIT. A excepción de W20, la mayoría de las mutaciones blancas dominantes conocidas surgieron recientemente y están restringidas a líneas específicas dentro de razas. La prueba Color de Capa Blanco Dominante 3 (P592) analiza la mutación conocida como W20 en el gen KIT. Esta prueba detecta dos variantes (alelos). El alelo W20 es dominante. Una o dos copias del alelo W20 tienen un efecto sutil sobre la cantidad de blanco expresado. Parece aumentar la expresión del blanco en combinación con otros genes de patrón blanco. El alelo N es recesivo y no tiene efecto en el color básico.

The Coat Colour Dominant White 3 test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Dominant White 3 test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Dominant White 3	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Not Dominant White. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Not Dominant White. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Not Dominant White. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/W20	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. One copy of the W20 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or W20 to its offspring.
N/W20	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. One copy of the W20 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or W20 to its offspring.
N/W20	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. One copy of the W20 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or W20 to its offspring.
W20/W20	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. Two copies of the W20 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele W20 to its offspring.
W20/W20	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. Two copies of the W20 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele W20 to its offspring.
W20/W20	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Dominant White pattern	Dominant White pattern. Two copies of the W20 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele W20 to its offspring.

Sabino 1

Sabino is a general description for a group of similar white spotting patterns. El patrón sabino se describe como manchas irregulares, por lo general en las piernas, el vientre y la cara, a menudo con un marcado alrededor de los bordes de las marcas blancas. Se ha descubierto una mutación que produce un tipo de patrón sabino, se le ha llamado Sabino1 porque no está presente en todos los caballos con patrón sabino. Probablemente existirán más mutaciones que influyan en otros patrones sabinos. La prueba Color de Capa Sabino 1 (P785) analiza el estado genético del gen KIT. Este gen tiene dos variantes (alelos). El alelo SB1 es semi- dominante. Una copia del alelo SB1 da como resultado caballos con marcas Sabino rotas y posiblemente solo una pequeña cantidad de blanco. Dos copias del alelo SB1 dan como resultado al menos un 90% de blanco, también conocido como Sabino-blanco. El alelo N es recesivo y no tiene efecto en el color básico.

The Coat Colour Sabino 1 test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Sabino 1 test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Sabino 1	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Not Sabino 1. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Not Sabino 1. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Not Sabino 1. The basic colour is not black modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/SB1	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel sabino	Sabino 1 pattern. One copy of the SB1 allele. Horse typically may have 2 or more white legs, blaze, spots or roaning in the midsection and jagged margins around white areas unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SB1 to its offspring.
N/SB1	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay sabino	Sabino 1 pattern. One copy of the SB1 allele. Horse typically may have 2 or more white legs, blaze, spots or roaning in the midsection and jagged margins around white areas unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SB1 to its offspring.
N/SB1	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black sabino	Sabino 1 pattern. One copy of the SB1 allele. Horse typically may have 2 or more white legs, blaze, spots or roaning in the midsection and jagged margins around white areas unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SB1 to its offspring.
SB1/SB1	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel sabino	Sabino 1 pattern. Two copies of the SB1 allele. Horse is complete or nearly complete white unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SB1 to its offspring.
SB1/SB1	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay sabino	Sabino 1 pattern. Two copies of the SB1 allele. Horse is complete or nearly complete white unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SB1 to its offspring.
SB1/SB1	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black sabino	Sabino 1 pattern. Two copies of the SB1 allele. Horse is complete or nearly complete white unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SB1 to its offspring.

Champagne dilution

The Champagne dilution gene lightens the coat colour of the horse by diluting the pigment. The skin of Champagne-diluted horses is pinkish/lavender toned and becomes speckled with age; the speckling is particularly noticeable around the eye, muzzle, under the tail, udder and sheath. The eye colour is blue-green at birth and darkens to amber as the horse ages. Champagne has the following effects on the basic coat colours of horses:

Chestnut/Sorrel -> Gold champagne: a gold body color and often a flaxen mane and tail. Gold champagne horses are visually similar to palomino horses.

Bay/Brown -> Amber champagne: a tan body color with brown points (sometimes referred to as amber Buckskin).

Black -> Classic champagne: a darker tan body with brown points.

A horse can also carry mutations for other modifying genes which can further affect its coat colour. The Coat Colour Champagne dilution test (P853) tests for the genetic status of the SLC36A1 gene. Este gen tiene dos variantes (alelos). The dominant allele Ch results in the dilution and the recessive allele N does not have an effect on the basic colour.

The Coat Colour Champagne dilution test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Champagne dilution test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Champagne dilution	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Non-dilute. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Non-dilute. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Non-dilute. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/Ch	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Gold Champagne	One copy of the dominant Ch allele. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is diluted to gold champagne unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Ch to its offspring.
N/Ch	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Amber Champagne	One copy of the dominant Ch allele. The basic colour bay/brown is diluted to amber champagne unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Ch to its offspring.
N/Ch	E/E or E/e + a/a	Classic Champagne	One copy of the dominant Ch allele. The basic colour black is diluted to classic champagne unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Ch to its offspring.
Ch/Ch	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Gold Champagne	Two copies of the dominant Ch allele. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is diluted to Gold Champagne unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Ch to its offspring.
Ch/Ch	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Amber Champagne	Two copies of the dominant Ch allele. The basic colour bay/brown is diluted to amber champagne unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Ch to its offspring.
Ch/Ch	E/E or E/e + a/a	Classic Champagne	Two copies of the dominant Ch allele. The basic colour black is diluted to classic champagne unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Ch to its offspring.

Pearl dilution

The Pearl dilution gene lightens the coat colour of the horse by diluting the red pigment. A chestnut basic colour is diluted to a pale, uniform apricot colour of body, mane and tail. Skin coloration is also pale. Pearl dilution is also referred to as the ‘Barlink Factor.’ The Coat Colour Pearl dilution test (P783) tests for the genetic status of the SLC45A2 gene. Este gen tiene dos variantes (alelos). The allele Prl, causing the Pearl dilution is recessive. This means that only horses with two copies of the Prl allele have a lightened coat, mane and tail, in addition to bright eye colors. The dominant allele N does not have an effect on the basic coat colour.

Pearl dilution interacts with Cream dilution to produce pseudo-double dilute phenotypes including pale skin and blue/green eyes. Therefore if a horse has one copy of the Prl allele and Cream dilution (Cr allele) is also present, this results in a pseudo-double dilute, also called pseudo-cremellos or pseudo-smoky cream

A horse can also carry mutations for other modifying genes which can further affect its coat colour.

The Coat Colour Pearl dilution test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Pearl dilution test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Pearl dilution	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Non-dilute. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not diluted unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Non-dilute. The basic colour bay/brown is not diluted unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Non-dilute. The basic colour black is not diluted unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring
N/Prl	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	One copy of the recessive Prl allele. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not diluted unless modified by other colour modifying genes. If cream dilution is also present, this results in a pseudo-double dilute. It can pass on either allele N or Prl to its offspring.
N/Prl	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	One copy of the recessive Prl allele. The basic colour bay/brown is not diluted unless modified by other colour modifying genes. If cream dilution is also present, this results in a pseudo-double dilute. It can pass on either allele N or Prl to its offspring.
N/Prl	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	One copy of the recessive Prl allele. The basic colour black not diluted unless modified by other colour modifying genes. If cream dilution is also present, this results in a pseudo-double dilute. It can pass on either allele N or Prl to its offspring.
Prl/Prl	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Pearl dilution	Two copies of the recessive Prl allele. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is diluted to a pale, uniform apricot colour of body hair, mane and tail. This colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Prl to its offspring.
Prl/Prl	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Pearl dilution	Two copies of the recessive Prl allele. The basic colour bay/brown is diluted to lightened coat, mane and tail. This colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Prl to its offspring.
Prl/Prl	E/E or E/e + a/a	Pearl dilution	Two copies of the recessive Prl allele. The basic colour black is diluted to lightened coat, mane and tail. This colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Prl to its offspring.

Silver dilution / MCOA

The Silver dilution gene dilutes the black pigment but has no effect on the red pigment. El efecto del gen de dilución Plata puede variar mucho. La crin y la cola se abrillantan a lino o gris plata y pueden oscurecer en algunos caballos conforme envejecen. Un caballo negro se diluirá al chocolate con un aclarado de la melena y la cola. Un caballo bahía con dilución Plata tendrá generalmente un aclarado en crines y cola, así como en la parte baja de las patas (lugares con pigmento negro). A horse can also carry mutations for other modifying genes which can further affect its coat colour.

The Coat Colour Silver dilution test (P784) tests for the genetic status of the PMEL17 gene. Este gen tiene dos variantes (alelos). El alelo dominante Z resulta en la dilución y el alelo recesivo N no tiene un efecto sobre el color básico.

The same mutation responsible for the coat color Silver is also associated with Multiple Congenital Ocular Anomalies (MCOA) Syndrome, a wide range of ocular defects that occur in the anterior and posterior parts of the eye. La gravedad del síndrome está relacionada con la dosis, por lo que los caballos con 1 copia del alelo Z tienen menos signos graves que aquellos con 2 copias del alelo Z.

The Coat Colour Silver dilution test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Silver dilution test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result Silver dilution	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Non-dilute. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Non-dilute. The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Non-dilute. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/Z	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	One copy of the dominant Z allele. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Z to its offspring.
N/Z	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Silver dilution on Bay or Brown	One copy of the dominant Z allele. The black pigment of bay/brown horses on lower legs is lightened and mane and tail are lightened to flaxen. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Z to its offspring.
N/Z	E/E or E/e + a/a	Chocolate	One copy of the dominant Z allele. The basic colour black is diluted to chocolate with flaxen mane and tail. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or Z to its offspring.
Z/Z	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Two copies of the dominant Z allele. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Z to its offspring.
Z/Z	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Silver dilution on Bay or Brown	Two copies of the dominant Z allele. The black pigment of bay/brown horses on lower legs is lightened and mane and tail are lightened to flaxen. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Z to its offspring.
Z/Z	E/E or E/e + a/a	Chocolate	Two copies of the dominant Z allele. The basic colour black is diluted to chocolate with flaxen mane and tail. The colour can be further modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele Z to its offspring.

Splashed White 1

Splashed white is a variable white spotting pattern characterized by a large blaze, extended white markings on legs, variable white spotting on belly, pink skin and often blue eyes. En otros casos, las áreas no pigmentadas son bastante pequeñas y no se pueden distinguir de los caballos con otros fenotipos de despigmentación más sutiles. Los caballos blancos salpicados a veces son sordos, sin embargo, la mayoría de los caballos blancos salpicados no son sordos. La pérdida de audición se debe a la muerte de las células ciliadas necesarias, causada por la ausencia de melanocitos en el oído interno. Aunque la mayoría de los caballos de salpicadura tienen pigmento alrededor del exterior de la oreja, el pigmento debe aparecer en el oído interno para evitar la pérdida de audición. Hay varias mutaciones diferentes identificadas que están asociadas con patrones blancos salpicados. The Coat White Spotting 1 test (P512) tests for the mutation known as SW1 in the MITF gene. Esta prueba detecta dos variantes (alelos). El alelo SW1 es dominante. Una o dos copias del alelo SW1 dan como resultado un blanco salpicado. El alelo N es recesivo y no tiene efecto en el color básico.

The Coat Colour White Spotting 1 test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour White Spotting 1 test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result White Spotting 1	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Not Splashed White. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Not Splashed White The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Not Splashed White. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/SW1	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. One copy of the SW1 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SW1 to its offspring.
N/SW1	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. One copy of the SW1 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SW1 to its offspring.
N/SW1	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. One copy of the SW1 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SW1 to its offspring.
SW1/SW1	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. Two copies of the SW1 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SW1 to its offspring.
SW1/SW1	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. Two copies of the SW1 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SW1 to its offspring.
SW1/SW1	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. Two copies of the SW1 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SW1 to its offspring.

Splashed White 3

Splashed white is a variable white spotting pattern characterized by a large blaze, extended white markings on legs, variable white spotting on belly, pink skin and often blue eyes. En otros casos, las áreas no pigmentadas son bastante pequeñas y no se pueden distinguir de los caballos con otros fenotipos de despigmentación más sutiles. Los caballos blancos salpicados a veces son sordos, sin embargo, la mayoría de los caballos blancos salpicados no son sordos. La pérdida de audición se debe a la muerte de las células ciliadas necesarias, causada por la ausencia de melanocitos en el oído interno. Aunque la mayoría de los caballos de salpicadura tienen pigmento alrededor del exterior de la oreja, el pigmento debe aparecer en el oído interno para evitar la pérdida de audición. Hay varias mutaciones diferentes identificadas que están asociadas con patrones blancos salpicados. The Coat White Spotting 3 test (P514) tests for the mutation known as SW3 in the MITF gene. Esta prueba detecta dos variantes (alelos). El alelo SW3 es dominante. Una o dos copias del alelo SW3 dan como resultado un blanco salpicado. Se especula que dos copias del alelo SW3 son letales (el potro muere). El alelo N es recesivo y no tiene efecto en el color básico.

The Coat Colour White Spotting 3 test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour White Spotting 3 test are shown in combination with the possible results for the tests that determine the basic Coat Colour (Coat Colour Chestnut and Coat Colour Agouti test):

Result White Spotting 3	Result Chestnut + Agouti	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut, Sorrel	Not Splashed White. The basic colour chestnut/sorrel is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Bay, Brown	Not Splashed White The basic colour bay/brown is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black	Not Splashed White. The basic colour black is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/SW3	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. One copy of the SW3 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SW3 to its offspring.
N/SW3	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. One copy of the SW3 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SW3 to its offspring.
N/SW3	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. One copy of the SW3 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or SW3 to its offspring.
SW3/SW3	e/e + A/A, A/a or a/a	Chestnut/sorrel with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. Two copies of the SW3 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SW3 to its offspring.
SW3/SW3	E/E or E/e + A/A or A/a	Brown/bay with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. Two copies of the SW3 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SW3 to its offspring.
SW3/SW3	E/E or E/e + a/a	Black with Splashed White pattern	Splashed White pattern. Two copies of the SW3 allele. The horse will display some degree of white spotting but the specific pattern cannot be predicted, unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele SW3 to its offspring.

Appaloosa Pattern-1 (PATN1)

The Appaloosa spotting pattern, also known as Leopard Complex spotting (LP) includes a highly variable group of white spotting- or depigmentation patterns in horses. Los caballos Appaloosa tienen tres características identificables adicionales: piel moteada alrededor del hocico, ano y genitales, cascos a rayas y esclera blanca alrededor de los ojos. LP es el resultado de una mutación incompleta dominante en el gen TRPM1, también conocido como el gen LP. El gen LP permite la expresión de varios patrones de moteado de de leopardo, mientras que otros genes determinan la extensión (o cantidad) del blanco. Uno de los genes que se asocia con una mayor cantidad de blanco en caballos LP ha sido identificado (RFWD3) y se ha denominado Patrón-1 (PATN1) para el primer gen patrón. La prueba Color Appaloosa Pattern-1 (PATN1) (P305) analiza el estado del gen PATN1. Este gen tiene dos variantes (alelos). El alelo dominante PATN1 da como resultado una mayor cantidad de blanco en caballos que llevan al menos una copia del alelo LP en el gen LP. El alelo recesivo N no tiene un efecto sobre el color básico. Los caballos que tienen una copia del alelo LP, en combinación con al menos una copia del alelo PATN1, generalmente tienen un patrón Leopard o Leopardo cercano. Los caballos que tienen dos copias del alelo LP en combinación con al menos una copia del alelo PATN1 con mayor frecuencia tienen un patrón de pocos puntos o cerca de pocos puntos. Horses that have at least one copy of the PATN1 allele but do not have a copy of the LP allele will not have a Appaloosa spotting pattern but can pass on the PATN1 allele to their offspring.

The Coat Colour Appaloosa Pattern-1 (PATN1) test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the Coat Colour Appaloosa Pattern-1 (PATN1) test are shown in combination with the possible results for the LP Gene.

Result PATN1	Result LP	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	N/N	No Appaloosa	The basic colour is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	N/LP	Blanket appaloosa	It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/N	LP/LP	Snow cap appaloosa	It can only pass on allele N to its offspring. The horse suffers from Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB).
N/PATN1	N/N	No Appaloosa	The basic colour is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can pass on either allele N or PATN1 to its offspring.
N/PATN1	N/LP	Leopard or a near Leopard pattern	It can pass on either allele N or PATN1 to its offspring.
N/PATN1	LP/LP	Few-spot or near Few spot pattern.	It can pass on either allele N or PATN1 to its offspring. The horse suffers from Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB).
PATN1/PATN1	N/N	No Appaloosa	The basic colour is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele PATN1 to its offspring.
PATN1/PATN1	N/LP	Leopard or a near Leopard pattern	It can only pass on allele PATN1 to its offspring.
PATN1/PATN1	LP/LP	Few-spot or near Few spot pattern	It can only pass on allele PATN1 to its offspring. The horse suffers from Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB).

CSNB / Leopard Spotting

The Appaloosa spotting pattern, also known as Leopard Complex spotting (LP) includes a highly variable group of white spotting- or depigmentation patterns in horses. Los caballos Appaloosa tienen tres características identificables adicionales: piel moteada alrededor del hocico, ano y genitales, cascos a rayas y esclera blanca alrededor de los ojos. El patrón de Appaloosa es el resultado de una mutación dominante incompleta en el gen TRPM1, también conocido como el gen LP. El gen LP permite la expresión de varios patrones de moteado de de leopardo, mientras que otros genes determinan la extensión (o cantidad) del blanco. La prueba CSNB / Punteado de Leopardo (P311) analiza el estado del gen LP (TRPM1). Este gen tiene dos variantes (alelos). El alelo LP es incompleto-dominante y la expresión del patrón de Appaloosa es variable, desde patrones ausentes hasta extremadamente blancos. Al menos una copia del alelo LP permite la expresión del patrón de Appaloosa. La cantidad de blanco presente no está relacionada con la cantidad de los genes, los caballos con dos copias del alelo LP pueden tener una expresión mínima del patrón blanco. El alelo recesivo N no tiene un efecto sobre el color básico. La variabilidad en la cantidad de blanco en caballos de color Appaloosa está controlada por otros genes, uno de los cuales es PATN1. Los caballos que tienen una copia del alelo LP, en combinación con al menos una copia del alelo PATN1, generalmente tienen un patrón Leopard o Leopardo cercano. Los caballos que tienen dos copias del alelo LP en combinación con al menos una copia del alelo PATN1 con mayor frecuencia tienen un patrón de pocos puntos o cerca de pocos puntos. Los caballos que tienen dos copias del alelo LP sufren de ceguera nocturna estacionaria congénita (CSNB), que es la incapacidad de ver en condiciones de poca luz o sin luz.

The CSNB / Leopard Spotting test encloses the following results, in this scheme the results of the CSNB / Leopard Spotting test are shown in combination with the possible results for the Coat Colour Appaloosa Pattern-1 (PATN1) test.

Result LP	Result PATN1	Coat Colour	Descripción
N/N	N/N	No Appaloosa	The basic colour is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/LP	N/N	Blanket appaloosa	It can pass on either allele N or LP to its offspring.
LP/LP	N/N	Snow cap appaloosa	It can only pass on allele LP to its offspring. The horse suffers from Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB)
N/N	N/PATN1	No Appaloosa	The basic colour is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring..
N/LP	N/PATN1	Leopard or a near Leopard pattern	It can pass on either allele N or LP to its offspring.
LP/LP	N/PATN1	Few-spot or near Few spot pattern.	It can only pass on allele LP to its offspring. The horse suffers from Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB)
N/N	PATN1/PATN1	No Appaloosa	The basic colour is not modified unless modified by other colour modifying genes. It can only pass on allele N to its offspring.
N/LP	PATN1/PATN1	Leopard or a near Leopard pattern	It can pass on either allele N or LP to its offspring.
LP/LP	PATN1/PATN1	Few-spot or near Few spot pattern	It can only pass on allele LP to its offspring. The horse suffers from Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB)

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